Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators |
Industry refers to
the material production sector which is engaged in extraction of natural
resources and processing and reprocessing of minerals and agricultural
products, including (1) extraction of natural resources, such as mining, salt
production, logging (but not including hunting and fishing); (2) processing
and reprocessing of farm and sideline produces, such as rice husking, flour
milling, wine making, oil pressing, cotton ginning, silk reeling, spinning
and weaving, and leather making; (3) manufacture of industrial products, such
as steel making, iron smelting, chemicals manufacturing, petroleum
processing, machine building, timber processing; water and gas production and
electricity generation and supply; (4)repairing of industrial products such
as the repairing of machinery and means of transport (including cars). |
Prior
to 1984, the rural industry run by villages and cooperative organizations
under village was classified into agriculture. Since 1984, it has been
grouped into industry. |
Units of Industrial Statistics and Inquiry: They are classified into two categories (1) corporate industrial
enterprises with independent accounting system (2) industrial establishments. |
(1)
Corporate industrial enterprises with independent accounting system refer to
enterprises engaging in industrial production activities, which meet the
following requirements: 1. They are established legally, having their own
names, organizations, location, able to take civil liability; 2. They possess
and use their assets independently, assume liabilities, and are entitled to
sign contracts with other units; 3.They are financially independent and
compile their own balance sheets. |
(2)Industrial
establishments refer to economic units which located in one single place and
engaged entirely or primarily in one kind of industrial activity, including
financially independent industrial enterprises and units engaged in
industrial activities under the non-industrial enterprises (or financially
dependent).Industrial establishments generally meet the following
requirements: ① They have each one location and are engaged in one kind of
industrial activity each; ② They operate and manage their industrial production activities
separately;③ They have accounts of income and expenditures separately. |
State-owned Industry refers to industrial enterprises where the means of production or
income are owned by the state. Joint state-private industries and private
industries, which existed before 1957, have been transformed into state
industries. Statistics on these enterprises has been included in the stateowned industries
since 1957 when separation of data was no longer necessary. |
Collective-owned Industry refers to industrial enterprises where the means of production
are owned collectively, including urban and rural enterprises invested by
collectives and some enterprises which were formerly owned privately but have
been registered in industrial and commercial administration agency as
collective units through raising fund from the public. |
Industry of Other Types of Ownership refers to industrial enterprises (units) of the ownership other
than the state-owned economy, collective economy, individual
economy. They include the enterprises of private economy, joint-owned
economy, share-holding economy (companies limited by shares and companies
limited with liabilities.), foreign-funded economy (Sino-foreign joint
ventures, Sino-foreign cooperative enterprises and foreign ventures
exclusively with their own investment), economy funded by the entrepreneurs
from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan (joint ventures and cooperative enterprises
with the mainland as well as ventures exclusively with their own investment)
and other types of ownership.Light Industry refers to the industry that produces
consumer goods and hand tools. It consists of two categories, depending on
the materials used: |
(1)
Industries using farm products as raw materials. These are branches of light
industry which directly or indirectly use farm products as basic raw
materials, including the manufacture of food and beverages, tobacco
processing, textile, clothing, fur and leather manufacturing, paper making,
printing, etc. |
(2)Industries
using nonfarm products as raw materials. These are branches of light
industry which use manufactured goods as raw materials, including the manufacture
of cultural, educational articles and sports goods, chemicals, synthetic
fiber, chemical products for daily use, glass products for daily use, metal
products for daily use, hand tools, medical apparatus and instruments, and
the manufacture of cultural and clerical machinery. |
Heavy Industry
refers to the industry which produces capital goods, and provides various
sectors of the national economy with necessary material and technical basis.
It consists of the following three branches according to the purpose of
production or the use of products: |
(1)Mining,
quarrying and logging industry refers to the industry that extracts natural
resources, including extraction of petroleum, coal,metal and nonmetal ores and
logging. |
(2)Raw
materials industry refers to the industry that provides various sectors of
the national economy with raw materials, fuels and power. It includes
smelting and processing of metals, coking and coke chemistry, chemical
materials and building materials such as cement, plywood, and power,
petroleum refining and coal dressing. |
(3)Manufacturing
industry refers to the industry that processes raw materials. It includes
machinebuilding industry which equips sectors of the national economy,
industries of metal structure and cement products, industries producing means
of agricultural production, such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides.According to the
above principle of classification, the repairing trades which are engaged
primarily in repairing products of heavy industry are classified into heavy
industry while these engaged in repairing products of light industry are
classified into light industry. |
Gross Industrial Output Value is the total volume of industrial products sold or available for
sale in value terms which reflects the total achievements and overall scale
of industrial production during a given period. It includes the value of the
finished products, which are not to be further processed in the enterprises
and have been inspected, packed and put in storage, the value of industrial
services rendered to other units, and the changes in the value of the
semi-finished products and products in process between the beginning and
closing of the period. The gross industrial output value is calculated with
“factory method”. No double calculations are to be made within the same
enterprise. However, double counting does occur among different enterprises. |
Output
value of light and heavy industries is also classified with the “factory”
method. Under normal conditions, if the major products of an industrial
enterprise belong to light industry products, the gross output value of that
enterprise is classified wholly into light industry; the same principle
applies to heavy industry. |
Value-added of Industry refers to the final results of industrial production of the
industrial trade in money terms during the reference period. |
Original Value of Fixed Assets refers to the original value of all fixed assets owned by
industrial enterprises, calculated at the cost paid at the time of purchase,
installation, reconstruction, expansion, and technical innovation and
transformation of the said assets, which includes expenses on purchase,
package, transportation, and installation, etc. |
Net Value of Fixed Assets is obtained by deducting depreciation over years from the
original value of fixed assets. |
Working Capital (Circulating Assets) refers to assets which can be cashed in or spent or consumed in an
operating cycle of one year or over one year, which includes cash, various
deposits, short term investment, and receivable payments, and advance
payments, stock, etc. |
Ratio of Profits, Taxes and Interests to
Average Assets reflects the profit-making
capability of all assets of the enterprise and is a key indicator manifesting
the performance and management and evaluating the profit-making potential of
the enterprise. It is calculated as follows: |
Ratio of profits, taxes and interests
to average assets (%) = (Total profits+total |
Taxes+interest
payment)/ average assets 100% |
Ratio of Debts to Assets reflect both the
operation risk and the capability of the enterprise in making use of the
capital from the creditors. It is calculated as follows: |
Ratio of debts to assets (%) = Total
debts / total assets100% |
Ratio of Profits to Total Industrial Costs refers to the ratio of profits realized in a given period to the
total costs in the same period, which reflects the economic efficiency of
input cost and is calculated as follows: |
Ratio
of Profits to Total Industrial Cost(%)=Total Profits/ Total Costs 100% |
Value-added Rate of Industry refers to the ratio of value added of industry in a given period
to the gross output value in the same period, which reflects the economic
efficiency of cutting down the intermediate input and is calculated as
follows: |
Value-added
Rate of Industry(%)=Value-added of Industry (at current prices) |
Gross
Output Value (at Current Prices)100% |
Turnover of Working Capital refers to the number of times of turnover of working capital in a
given period of time, which reflects the speed of the turnover of working
capital and is calculated as follows: |
Turnover
of Working Capital(%)=Sales Revenue of Products |
Average
Balance of Total Working Capital100% |
Sales Revenue of Industrial Products refers to the revenue from the sales of products by industrial
enterprises and the revenue from services provided and etc. |
Sales Cost of Industrial Products refers to the actual cost of products of industrial enterprises
and industrial services provided, etc.. |
Tax and Extra Charges on Sales of Products refer to the tax on city maintenance and construction,
consumption tax, resources tax and extra charges for education, which should
be borne by the enterprises in selling products and providing industrial
services. |
Sales Profit of Products refers to the profit gained by the enterprises by deducting cost,
charges and taxes from the business income of the enterprises obtained in
selling products and providing industrial services. |
Total Profits refer
to the profits gained by the enterprises. |
Value-added Tax Payable refers to the amount of the value added tax which should be paid
by the enterprises in the reporting period. |
Ratio of Sales to Gross Output Value refers to the sales of industrial products to the gross
industrial output value during the reference period, and is important in
reflecting the linkage between production and sales and the extent of the
needs of the society that has been met by the supply of industrial products.
It is calculated as follows: |
Ratio of Sales to Gross Output
Value=Industrial sales / Gross industrial output |
value
(at current prices) 100% |
Overall Labour
Productivity of Industrial Enterprises refers to
the average output per employed person in industrial enterprises in value
terms. At present, the value added and the average number of staff and
workers of an industrial enterprises in a given
period are used to calculate the overall labour
productivity. The formula used is: |
Overall
Labour Productivity=Value Added of Industry Average
Number of Staff and Workers |
For
the purpose of comparison of the overall labour
productivity among different years, the data on the overall labour productivity of the years prior to 1990 have been
adjusted on the basis of 1990 constant prices. |
Capital Obtained refers to capital
actually received by the enterprise from investors. It can be further
classified by investors as state capital, collective capital, corporate
capital, individual capital, capital from |
Total Assets
refer
to
all
assets which are owned or controlled by enterprises, including circulating assets,long term investment,fixed assets,intangible assets and deferred assets,other long term
assets,and deferred taxes, etc.The summation of above items is equal to total assets shown in the balance sheets of the
enterprises. |
(1)Circulating assets (working
capital) refer to assets which can be cashed in or spent or consumed in an operating cycle of one year or over one year, including cash, all kinds of deposits, short term investment, receivables, advance payment,stock, etc. |
(2)Fixed assets refer to the net value of fixed assets, clearance of fixed assets, project under construction, fixed assets losses in suspense. These are corporations fund holdings. |
(3)Intangible assets refer to the assets without material form used by enterprises over a long time, such as patents, nonpatent technologies, trade marks, copyright, land
use right, business reputation, etc. |
Total Liabilities refer to the debts that enterprises are responsible for repayment, including liquid liabilities, longterm liabilities and deferred
taxes, etc. Total liabilities correspond to the summation item of liabilities shown in the balance sheets of the enterprises. |
(1)Liquid liabilities (also called
quick liabilities or immediate liabilities) refer to enterprises’ total debt payable within an operating cycle of one year
or over one year,including short term loans,payables and advance payments,wages payable, taxes payable and
profit payable,etc. |
(2)Long term
liabilities refers to total debt payable within an operating cycle of one year or
over one year,including long-term loans,payable liabilities,
long-term payables,etc. |
Creditors’ Equity refers to investors’ ownership of net assets of the enterprise. It is equal to the total assets of the enterprise minus its total liabilities,including the primary input from investors,capital accumulation fund,surplus accumulation fund and undistributed profit. It is the shareholder’s equity in share-holding companies. |