Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators

Gross Output Value of Farming, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery refers to the total volume of products of farming，forestry，animal husbandry and fishery in value terms, which reflects the total scale and total result of agricultural production during a given period of time．Gross output value of agriculture is obtained by first multiplying the output of each product or byproduct by its price，resulting in the output value of each single item．For a small number of products，annual output of which is not available or difficult to get due to the long production/rowing process involved，the output value is estimated through an indirect approach．The sum of output value of all products of farming，forestry，animal husbandry，and fishery is then equal to the gross output value of agriculture．Prior to 1957，China’s gross agricultural output value included barnyard manure and handicraft products for selfconsumption (Clothes，shoes，stockings，and initial grain processing undertaken by peasants).Since 1958，cutting and felling of bamboo and trees by villages and other cooperative organizations under villages have been included in forestry；value of barnyard manure has been excluded from animal husbandry；selfconsumed handicrafts has been excluded from sideline occupations，while the output value of industries run by villages and cooperative organizations under village had been included in sideline occupations and the output value of fish catches by motor fishing boats has been added to fishery．Since 1980，the value of handicraft products made for sale by individuals in households had been added to sideline occupations． Since 1984，industries run by villages and cooperative organizations under villages have been included in the sector of industry．Since 1993，the subdivision of sideline occupations has been canceled， and the hunting of wild animals has been classified into animal husbandry，and the gathering of wild plants and commodity industry run by rural household have been included in farming．

Grain Yield refers to the yield in the whole country including grains produced by state farms, collective units, industrial enterprises and mines．Grain includes rice，wheat，corn，sorghum，millet and other miscellaneous grains as well as tubers and beans．Output of beans refers to dry beans without pods. The output of tubers （sweet potatoes and potatoes，not including taros and cassava） was converted into that of grain at the ratio 4∶1，i.e. four kilograms of fresh tubers was equivalent to one kilogram of grain up to 1963．Since 1964 the ratio for conversion has been 5∶1. Tubers supplied as vegetables （such as potatoes） in cities and suburbs are calculated as fresh vegetables and their output is not included in the output of grain. Output of all other grains refers to husked grain．

Yield of Oil-bearing Crops refers to the total yield of oilbearing crops of various kinds，including peanuts, (dry, in shell) rapeseeds，sesame，sunflower seeds，flax seeds，and other oilbearing crops．Soybeans，oil-bearing woody plants，and wild oil-bearing crops are not included．

Output of Aquatic Products refers to catches of both artificially cultured and naturally grown aquatic products, including fish，shrimps，crabs and shellfish in sea and inland water as well as seaweed. Freshwater plants are not included．

Output of Pork，Beef，and Mutton refers to the meat of slaughtered hogs，cattle，sheep and goats with head，feet, and offal taken away．

Number of Livestock or Poultry in Stock at Beginning (or End) of Reference Period refers to the total number of large animals，pigs，sheep，fowls，etc．raised by rural cooperative organizations，state farms，rural individuals，government agencies，schools，industrial and mining enterprises，army，and urban residents at the beginning (or end) of the reference period．

Cultivated Area (Area under cultivation) refers to farmland which is plowed constantly for growing crops，including cultivated land，newly cultivated land in the current year，farmland left without cultivation for less than three years and fallow land in the current year，rotation land，rotation land of grass and crops，farmland with some fruit trees，mulberry trees and other trees and cultivated seashore land，lake land，and etc． The land of mulberry fields，tea plantations，orchards, nurseries of young plants, forest land, reed land, natural and man-made grassland and other land are not included in cultivated land．

Sown Area of Crops refers to area of land sown or transplanted with crops regardless of being in cultivated area or noncultivated area. Area of land re-sown due to natural disasters is also included．

Irrigated Area refers to areas that are effectively irrigated，i.e. level land which has water source and complete sets of irrigation facilities to lift and move adequate water for irrigation purpose under normal conditions．

Consumption of Chemical Fertilizers in Agriculture refers to the quantity of chemical fertilizers applied in agriculture in the year，including nitrogenous fertilizer，phosphate fertilizer，potash fertilizer，and compound fertilizer．The consumption of chemical fertilizers is required in calculation to convert the gross weight into weight containing 100% effective component (e.g. 100% nitrogen content in nitrogenous fertilizer, 100% phosphorous pentoxide contents in phosphate fertilizer, 100% potassium oxide contents in potash fertilizer). Compound fertilizer is converted with its major component．

Total Power of Farm Machinery refers to total mechanical power of machinery used in farming，forestry，animal husbandry, and fishery，including ploughing，irrigation and drainage，harvesting, transport，plant protection，stock breeding，forestry and fishery. The power of internal combustion engines is required to convert horsepower into watts and the power of electric motors is required to be converted into watts．Machinery employed for nonagricultural purposes, such as the machines used in townshiprun and village-run industry，construction，nonagricultural transport，scientific experiments and teaching, is excluded．

Labour Force Engaged in Farming，Forestry，Animal Husbandry and Fishery refers to the total laborers who are directly engaged in production of farming，forestry，animal husbandry and fishery.