|
3-18
EXPENDITURES ON RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT |
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|
national currency units |
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|
Country or Territory |
Year |
As % of GNP |
per Capita Expenditure on R & D |
Annual Average Expenditure per R & D Scientist or Engineer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States (Dollar) |
1995 |
2.9③ |
650 |
177625 |
|
Japan (Yen) |
1991 |
3.0 |
111137 |
19987872 |
|
Germany (Mark) |
1991 |
2.6 |
933 |
309452 |
|
United Kingdom (Pound) |
1993 |
2.2 |
239 |
98779 |
|
France (Franc) |
1993 |
2.5 |
3021 |
1190700 |
|
Italy (Lire) |
1993 |
1.3 |
341675 |
262230526 |
|
Canada (Dollar) |
1994 |
1.6 |
400 |
140200① |
|
Australia (Dollar) |
1990 |
1.4 |
301 |
121605 |
|
Russian Federation (Rouple) |
1993 |
0.8 |
8876 |
2036838 |
|
Czech Rep. (Koruna) |
1994 |
1.3 |
1261 |
981701 |
|
Poland (Zloty) |
1992 |
0.9 |
249773 |
230624131 |
|
Hungary (Forint) |
1993 |
1.0 |
3397 |
2935014 |
|
Romania (Lei) |
1994 |
0.7 |
14719 |
10652279 |
|
Bulgaria (Leva) |
1992 |
1.7 |
348 |
82057 |
|
Yugoslavia F.R. (New dinar) |
1992 |
|
|
30 |
|
India (Rupee) |
1990 |
0.8 |
49 |
326973 |
|
Indonesia (Rupiah) |
1988 |
0.2 |
1467 |
8092983 |
|
Philippines (Peso) |
1984 |
0.1 |
11 |
127000 |
|
Thailand (Baht) |
1991 |
0.2 |
70 |
402800 |
|
Malaysia (Ringgit) |
1992 |
0.4 |
29 |
337231 |
|
Singapore (Dollar) |
1994 |
1.1 |
415 |
165114 |
|
Pakistan (Rupee) |
1987 |
0.9 |
51 |
840050② |
|
Turkey (Lira) |
1991 |
0.8 |
58158 |
278711667 |
|
Korea, Rep. (Won) |
1994 |
2.8 |
117159 |
67220220 |
|
Egypt (Pound) |
1991 |
1.0 |
17 |
36164 |
|
Nigeria (Naira) |
1987 |
0.1 |
1 |
64477 |
|
Mexico (New peso) |
1993 |
0.3 |
40 |
|
|
Brazil (Cruzeiro) |
1994 |
0.4 |
9 |
|
|
Argentina (Austral) |
1992 |
0.3 |
20 |
31270① |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes:
①Data refer to 1989. ②Estimate. ③Data refer to 1988.