Bulletin on the National Summer Grain Output in 2023

In accordance with a survey of 25 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) producing summer grain around China, the total grain sown area, yield per unit area and total grain output of summer grain in 2023 are as follows:

I. The national sown area for summer grain recorded 26,609 thousand hectares (399.13 million mu), rising by 78.5 thousand hectares (1.178 million mu) or 0.3% compared with that in 2022. Among them, the sown area of wheat was 23,059 thousand hectares (345.89 million mu), rising by 97,000 hectares (1.456 million mu) or 0.4% compared with that in 2022.

II. The national yield per unit area for summer grain recorded 5491.8 kg/ha (366.1 kg/mu), dropping by 64.3 kg/ha (4.3 kg/mu) or 1.2% compared with that in 2022. Among them, the yield per unit area for wheat was 5834.3 kg/ha (389.0 kg/mu), dropping by 78.0 kg/ha (5.2 kg/mu) or 1.3% compared with that in 2022.

III. The national total grain output of summer grain recorded 146.13 million tons (292.3 billion jin), dropping by 1.274 million tons (2.55 billion jin) or 0.9% compared with that in 2022. Among them, the total output of wheat was 134.53 million tons (269.1 billion jin), dropping by 1.226 million tons (2.45 billion jin) or 0.9% compared with that in 2022.

National Bureau of Statistics

July 15, 2023

Yield of Summer Grain in Different Areas in 2023

Explanation on the Yield Survey of Summer Grain

The yield data of summer grain published by the National Bureau of Statistics were acquired by a sample survey treating a province as a population and conducted by main summer grain producing areas and a key-point survey focusing on non-main producing areas.

(I) Statistical standard

Summer grain include grains, beans and tubers harvested in summer. The grains harvested in summer mainly consist of wheat, barley, oat, buckwheat, and etc.; beans harvested in summer mainly consist of broad beans, peas, and etc.; and tubers harvested in summer mainly consist of potatoes and sweet potatoes.

(II) Scope of survey

Based on the yield data of summer grain for 16 provinces (regions and municipalities) including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang, the survey teams of the National Bureau of Statistics organized sample surveys and surveys of the actual cutting of grain  in more than 400 national survey counties (cities) selected so as to achieve the yield of summer grain.

The yield data of summer grain for 9 provinces (regions and municipalities) including Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Chongqing were estimated according to key-point surveys by relevant survey teams.

(III) Survey sample

The sample survey for the yield of summer grain is composed of a sample survey for the area and a sample survey for the yield per unit area.

The sample survey for the area of summer grain was performed in national survey counties (cities). Nearly 4,000 sample villages were selected across China in total and 3 quadrat plots of about 60 mu were sampled for each sample village. In the survey season, all natural plots in and covered by such quadrat plots were surveyed and all relevant provincial-level survey teams estimated the provincial area of summer grain based on the basic survey data.

The sample survey for the yield per unit area of summer grain was performed in sampled survey plots of national survey counties (cities). Nearly 2,000 sample points and more than 8,000 sample plots were selected across China in total. In each plot, 3-5 quadrats of 10 square feet were selected as required and surveys of the actual cutting of grain were carried out in such quadrats, so as to estimate the provincial average yield per unit area of wheat.

(IV) Yield prediction method

The survey of the actual cutting of grain for wheat yield means that grass-root surveyors perform field estimation and sequencing of wheat planting plots according to the Statistical Reporting System for Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery before the harvesting of wheat, and sample and mark a certain amount of survey plots. Then, county-level survey team members or auxiliary surveyors start setting out and harvesting wheat in the season of harvest, and estimate the yield per plot unit area through threshing, drying, water and impurity measurement, weighing and other links. Next, provincial-level survey teams will calculate the provincial average yield per unit area according to the data of the selected plots.

The yield of summer grain equals the area times the yield per unit area concluded in the sample surveys.

(V) Others

Due to the late maturity of spring wheat in some areas of Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang, predicted data for summer grain are provided now.