NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

February 28, 2003

In 2002, under the correct leadership of the Central Party Committee and the State Council, people of all nationalities of China held high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and implemented in full swing the important thought of “Three Represents”. United efforts were made to work hard through innovations in a pioneering spirit and to overcome difficulties in the course of development. Main targets set forth for the economic and social development were met. The national economy maintained good momentum and a new high was scored in economic aggregates. The pro-active financial policy and sound monetary policy yielded notable results, bringing about a growing domestic demand. Initial results were achieved in the strategic structural reform of the economic system and progress was made in the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure. Reforms in various fields deepened and China is opening wider to the outside world. New achievements were made in socialist democracy and legislation and in building up spiritual civilization. Overall progress was registered in education, science and technology, public health, sports and other social undertakings. The living standard of urban and rural households further improved along with the steady increase of their income.

I. General Outlook

The national economy maintained relatively fast growth. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the year topped the 10 trillion yuan level to reach 10,239.8 billion yuan, up by 8 percent over the previous year at comparable prices. The value-added of the primary industry was 1,488.3 billion yuan, up by 2.9 percent. The value-added of the secondary industry was 5,298.2 billion yuan, up by 9.9 percent. The value-added of the tertiary industry was 3,453.3 billion yuan, up by 7.3 percent.

Figure 1: Gross Domestic Product Topped 10,000 Billion

The general price level declined by small margin. The general level of consumer prices in China of the year was down by 0.8 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the consumer price level in urban areas was down by 1 percent, and it was down by 0.4 percent in rural areas. Analyzed by price categories, the prices for commodities dropped by 1.3%, the producers’ prices for manufactured goods dropped by 2.2%, and the purchasing prices for raw materials, fuels and power went down by 2.3 percent. The prices for investment in fixed assets were up 0.2 percent. Prices of service items in household consumption rose by 1.8%.

Table 1: Change in Consumer Prices over 2001 (%)

Item	National average
		Urban	Rural
General level of consumer prices	-0.8	-1.0	-0.4
Food	-0.6	-0.5	-0.7
of which: grain	-1.7	-1,7	-1.6
Tobaccos and alcohols	-0.1	-0.1	0
Clothing	-2.4	-2.7	-1.6
Household appliances and services	-2.5	-2.7	-2.2
Medical, health and personal articles	-1.2	-2.0	0.1
Transportation and telecommunications	-1.9	-2.0	-1.8
Recreational, educational, cultural articles and services	0.6	0.2	1.2
Housing	-0.1	-0.2	0.1

The size of employment continued to expand. By the end of 2002, the total of employed people in China numbered 737.40 million, or 7.15 million more than at the end of 2001. Of this total, 247.80 million were employed in urban areas, an increase of 8.40 million persons over that at the end of 2001. By the end of 2002, the number of laid-off workers of state-owned enterprises who were not re-employed was 4.10 million, or 1.05 million persons less than that at the end of 2001. The urban unemployment rate through unemployment registration was 4 percent at the end of 2002, up by 0.4 percentage points.

China’s balance of payment was in good position. The trade surplus was 30.4 billion US dollars in 2002. The actually utilized foreign direct investment during the year was 52.7 billion US dollars, up by 12.5% over 2001. By the end of 2002, China’s foreign exchange reserves reached 286.4 billion US dollars, an increase of 74.2 billion US dollars as compared with that at the end of the pervious year. The exchange rate of RMB was stable, standing at 1 US dollar = 8.2773 RMB yuan at the end of the year.

Steady progress was made in the reform of economic system and in the structural adjustment. Competition through the market has taken initial shape in the once monopoles sectors by deepened reform of such sectors as telecommunications, civil aviation, power generation and supply. The reform and loss-reducing of enterprises in defense industry progressed smoothly. Reforms continued in the fields of government finance and taxation, banking, social security, and circulation systems for grain and cotton. Reform of the administrative procedures for examination and approval was pushed forward. Experiments in the reform of the tax and fee collection system in rural areas were gradually expanded and notable progress was made. Positive advancement was scored in the development of the western region, with accelerated progress in the construction of infrastructure and ecological environment. Agriculture production was reoriented towards regional concentration, quality improvement and industrialization. Adjustment of industrial structure was accelerated by expanding the share of industries with high or new technologies characterized by information technology. Innovation took place in domestic trade as is reflected by the rapid development of modern circulation and distribution systems.

Main problems that remained in economic performance included: the restraints on economic growth by insufficient effective demand and irrational supply structure, still high pressure for employment, problems in increasing farmers' income, the difficulties in the life of some urban and rural households, persistent market disorder, and occasional occurrence of serious accidents in production.

II. Agriculture

Structural adjustment for crop production was continued. To meet t changing market, the sown areas of grain was 103.99 million hectares, a decrease of 2.09 million hectares as compared with that in the previous year, and the sown areas of cotton was 4.18 million hectares, a decrease of 630,000 hectares. The sown areas of oil-bearing crops rose by 240,000 hectares to reach 14.87 million hectares, that of sugar crops increased by 150,000 hectares to reach 1.80 million hectares, and that for vegetables rose by 880,000 hectares to reach 17.28 million hectares.

The production of major farm crops increased, including grain, oil-bearing crops and sugar crops, the output of vegetables continued to grow with better variety and quality, while the production of cotton decreased due to significant reduction in the sowing acreage. The total output of grain in 2002 was 457.11 million tons, up by 1 percent over the previous year.

Steady progress was seen in animal husbandry and fishery. The total output of meat for the year reached 65.90 million tons, up by 4 percent. The total output of aquatic products was 45.13 million tons, up by 3 percent.

Table 2: Output of Major Farm Products

 

Item	Output (10,000 tons)	Increase over 2001 (%)
Grain	45711	1.0
Summer crops	9877	-2.9
Early rice	3025	-11.0
Autumn crops	32809	3.5
Oil-bearing crops	2900	1.2
Peanuts	1495	3.7
Rapeseed	1053	-7.1
Cotton	492	-7.5
Sugar crops	10151	17.3
Sugarcane	8883	17.4
Beetroot	1268	16.4
Cured tobacco	213	3.9
Tea	74	5.7
Fruits	6809	2.3

Forestry and water conservancy made new progress. The total afforested area in 2002 was 7.47 million hectares, up by 51 percent. Of this total, the afforested area through “grain for green” projects was 5.4 million hectares. A total 3,576 kilometers of main embankment along the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and 982 kilometers of embankment along the lower reaches of the Yellow River were reinforced and came up to anti-flood standards. Over 900,000 hectares of land were converted into farmland with effective irrigation system, another 1.40 million hectares of land were guaranteed by water-saving irrigation system. Comprehensive land recovery program was applied to over 4 million hectares of once eroded areas.

III. Industry and Construction

Fast growth was registered in industrial production with improved linkage between production and sales. In 2002, the total value-added of the industrial sector was 4,593.5 billion yuan, up by 10.2 percent over the previous year. The value-added of industrial enterprises above designated size (i.e. all state-owned enterprises and those non-state-owned enterprises with an annual sales income over 5 million yuan) was 3,148.2 billion yuan, up by 12.6 percent. The sales ratio of industrial enterprises was 98 percent, or 0.3 percentage points higher than that in the previous year.

Table 3: Value-added of Industrial Sector

Item	Value-added (100 million yuan)	Increase over 2001 (%)
Industrial enterprises above designated size	31482	12.6
Of which: State-owned and state-controlled            enterprises	16638	11.7
Of which: Collective enterprises	2769	8.6
Share-holding enterprises	11570	14.4
Enterprises invested by foreigners or investors            from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan	8091	13.3
Of which: Light industry	12294	12.1
Heavy industry	19188	13.1

 Adjustment of the structure of manufactured products made new progress. Fast growth was registered in the production of export-oriented products, high-tech products, and consumer products that suit the upgrading of consumption structure. The output value of new manufactured products increased by 24 percent over 2001, and the value of manufactured products shipped for export rose by 23.4 percent. The output of electronic and telecommunications products rose by over 25.9 percent, including PCs, mobile telephones, semi-conductor integrated circuits, color TV sets. The growth in the output of yarn, cloth, silk textiles and clothing ranged from 8.5 percent to 19.9 percent. The production of motor vehicles was up by 38.8 percent, with the production of cars rising by 55.2 percent. The output of steel and rolled steel went up by 19.7 percent and 19.6 percent respectively. Energy production in 2002 was encouraging, with 1,654 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity, up by 11.7 percent, 1.38 billion tons of coal, up by 18.9 percent, and 167 million tons of crude oil, up by 1.8 percent.

Table 4: Output of Major Industrial Products

 

Product	Unit	Output	Increase over 2001 (%)
Yarn	10000 tons	850	11.7
Cloth	100 million meters	322	11.2
Chemical fibers	10000 tons	991	17.8
Sugar	10000 tons	926	41.8
Cigarettes	10000 cases	3467	1.9
Color TV sets	10000	5155	25.9
Household refrigerators	10000	1599	18.3
Room air conditioners	10000	3135	34.3
Total energy production	100 million tons of standard coal equivalent	13.87	18.5
Coal	100 million tons	13.8	18.9
Crude oil	100 million tons	1.67	1.8
Electricity	100 million kilowatt-hours	16540	11.7
Steel	10000 tons	18155	19.7
Rolled steel	10000 tons	19218	19.6
Ten kinds of nonferrous metals	10000 tons	1012	14.5
Cement	100 million tons	7.25	9.7
Timber	10000 cubic meters	5035	10.6