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APPENDIX 3-18 EXPENDITURES ON RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT |
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Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization《Statistical Yearbook》1998. |
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(national currency units) |
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Year |
As % of GNP |
per Capita |
Annual Average |
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Country or Territory |
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(%) |
Expenditure |
Expenditure per R & D |
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on R & D |
Scientist or Engineer |
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United States (Dollar) |
1996 |
2.5 |
656 |
177625① |
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Japan (Yen) |
1994 |
2.9 |
108929 |
17266949 |
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Germany (Mark) |
1993 |
2.4 |
949 |
333803 |
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United Kingdom (Pound) |
1993 |
2.2 |
239 |
98779 |
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France (Franc) |
1994 |
2.4 |
3040 |
1176751 |
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Italy (Lire) |
1994 |
1.1 |
304230 |
229640765 |
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Canada (Dollar) |
1995 |
1.6 |
420 |
140200② |
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Australia (Dollar) |
1994 |
1.7 |
410 |
129531 |
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Russian Federation (Rouple) |
1995 |
0.7 |
82442 |
23423353 |
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Czech Rep. (Koruna) |
1995 |
1.2 |
1358 |
1171563 |
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Poland (Zloty) |
1995 |
0.7 |
55 |
42441 |
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Hungary (Forint) |
1995 |
0.8 |
4055 |
3924183 |
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Romania (Lei) |
1995 |
0.7 |
22442 |
10652279③ |
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Bulgaria (Leva) |
1996 |
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1080 |
620161 |
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Yugoslavia F.R. (New dinar) |
1995 |
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43912 |
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India (Rupee) |
1994 |
0.8 |
74 |
499697④ |
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Indonesia (Rupiah) |
1995 |
0.1 |
2156 |
8092983⑤ |
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Philippines (Peso) |
1992 |
0.2① |
46 |
295236 |
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Thailand (Baht) |
1995 |
0.1 |
89 |
749999 |
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Malaysia (Ringgit) |
1992 |
0.4 |
29 |
337231 |
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Singapore (Dollar) |
1995 |
1.1 |
484 |
177592 |
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Pakistan (Rupee) |
1987 |
0.9 |
51 |
840050④ |
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Turkey (Lira) |
1995 |
0.6 |
485584 |
1864321748 |
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Korea,Rep. (Won) |
1994 |
2.8 |
117159 |
67197334 |
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Egypt (Pound) |
1995 |
0.5 |
14 |
36164⑥ |
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Nigeria (Naira) |
1987 |
0.1 |
1 |
64477 |
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Mexico (New peso) |
1995 |
0.4 |
62 |
292642 |
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Brazil (Cruzeiro) |
1995 |
0.6 |
23 |
139639 |
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Argentina (Austral) |
1995 |
0.4 |
30 |
44914 |
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①Data refer to 1995.②Data refer to 1989.③Data
refer to 1994.④Estimate.⑤Data refer to 1988. |
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⑥Data refer to 1991. |
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