Bulletin on the Output of Summer Grain in 2021

National Bureau of Statistics

July 14, 2021

According to the survey on the summer grain in 25 producing provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, the sown areas, yield per unit area, and total output of summer grain in 2021 are as follows:

I. The total sown area of summer grain was 26,438 thousand hectares (396.57 million mu), which increased 265.5 thousand hectares (3.982 million mu) over last year, an increase of 1.0 percent. Of which, the sown area of wheat was 22,911 thousand hectares (343.67 million mu), which increased 200.2 thousand hectares (3.004 million mu) over last year, an increase of 0.9 percent.

II. The yield per unit area of summer grain in China was 5,515.7 kg / ha (367.7 kg / mu), an increase of 57.4 kg / ha (3.8 kg / mu) over 2020, an increase of 1.1 percent. Among them, the wheat yield per unit area was 5,863.4 kg / ha (390.9 kg / mu), an increase of 62.3 kg / ha (4.2 kg / mu) over 2020, an increase of 1.1 percent.

III. The total output of summer grain in China was 145.82 million tons (291.6 billion jin), an increase of 2.967 million tons (5.93 billion jin) over 2020, an increase of 2.1 percent. Among them, wheat output was 134.34 million tons (268.7 billion jin), an increase of 2.589 million tons (5.18 billion jin) over 2020, an increase of 2.0 percent.

Notes:

1. The wheat harvest in Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang has not yet been completed. The data of the three provinces are the expected yield, and the actual yield is subject to the "China Rural Statistical yearbook-2021" published in the future.

2. Due to computer automatically round-off, the national total is not equal to the total of different regions.

Explanation on the Summer Grain Output Survey

The data released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on the summer grain output, were estimated from the sample survey in the main-producing summer grain regions taking the province as the total population, and major investigation in the non-main-producing regions. 

I. Statistical Approach

Summer grain includes grain, beans and tubers harvested in summer. Of which, grain harvested in summer includes wheat, barley, oats and buckwheat; beans harvested in summer include broad beans and peas, tubers harvested in summer include potatoes and sweet potatoes.

II. Survey Coverage

 Among 17 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, more than 400 counties (cities) are sampled as national sample counties (cities), and the survey organizations of NBS at provincial level are in charge of organizing the survey organizations in sampled counties to conduct sample survey and actual cutting, and finally get the summer grain estimates.

The output of summer grain in 8 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), which including Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan, are obtained by estimation from the major investigation by related survey organizations at provincial level.  

III. Survey Sample

 The sample survey on summer grain output consists of sown area sample survey and yield per unit area sample survey.

The sample survey on summer grain sown areas was conducted in national survey counties (cities). There were more than 6000 sample villages in China, and three sample plots with an area of about 60 mu were selected from each sample village. In the survey season, all the natural plots within the sample plot and its cover were investigated, and the survey organizations at province level estimates the summer grain sown areas at province level based on the basic survey data.

The sample survey on yield per unit area was conducted in the area of survey plots selected by the national survey counties (cities). Nearly 4,000 yield measurement sample points and more than 10,000 yield test plots were selected in the whole country. 3-5 small plots with 10 square feet were selected from each plot according to the requirements. The average wheat yield level in the whole province was calculated by actual cutting of wheat in the sample plots. 

IV. Output Measurement Method

The on-site measurement on wheat output refers to the investigators in the grass roots, before harvesting, in accordance with “Statistical Reporting System on Agricultural, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery”, stepping in the field and estimating the output of planting land plots one by one, and ranking them by output, then selecting a certain segment and marking them out. During harvesting period, investigators of the survey organizations at county level or assistant investigators will put sample and select sample on-site, and then estimate the yield per unit area through threshing, drying, water-checking, weighting and other steps on the selected land segments. The survey organizations at province level estimate the provincial average yield per unit area based on the data from the selected land segments.

The outputs of summer grain are multiplied by the sown areas from sample survey and the yield per unit area.

V. Others 

The data in Gansu, Ningxia, and Xinjiang are preliminary due to later mature for the spring wheat.