Communiqué on National Expenditures on Science and Technology in 2013
National Bureau of Statistics
Ministry of Science and Technology
Ministry of Finance
October 23, 2014
In 2013, China’s total expenditures on science and technology (S&T) continued to maintain a stable growth. The S&T funds allocated by national finance have increased steadily, more funds were put into research and development (R&D), and the R&D funding input intensity has exceeded 2 percent for the first time.
I. Research and Experimental Development (R & D) expenditures
In 2013, national total R&D expenditures reached 1,184.66 billion yuan, jumped 154.82 billion yuan year-on-year, up by 15.0 percent, and with 2.08 percent of input intensity (the proportion of R&D expenditures to GDP[1]), 0.1 percentage point higher than that in the previous year, which was 1.98 percent. The average R&D expenditure per capita by R&D personnel (full-time work) was 335 thousand yuan, 18 thousand yuan more than that in the previous year.
In terms of different types of activities, the expenditure on basic research hit 55.5 billion yuan, increased 11.3 percent year-on-year; the expenditure on applied research stood at 126.91 billion yuan, increased 9.2 percent; the expenditure on experimental development totaled 1,002.25 billion yuan, climbing 16.0 percent. The expenditures on basic research, applied research and experimental development accounted for 4.7, 10.7 and 84.6 percent respectively of the total expenditure on R&D.
In terms of different performing sectors of activities, the expenditures by all types of enterprises reached 907.58 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15.7 percent; the expenditures by research institutions subordinated to the government departments arrived at 178.14 billion yuan, grew 15.0 percent; the expenditures by universities amounted for 85.67 billion yuan, increased 9.8 percent. The expenditures by enterprises, research institutions subordinated to the government departments, and universities accounted for 76.6, 15.0, and 7.2 percent respectively of the national total expenditure.
In terms of different industrial sectors[2], there were 7 industries with R&D expenditure exceeding 50.0 billion yuan, the expenditures of these 7 industries took a share of 61.3 percent in that of all industrial enterprises above designated size. There were 10 industries with R&D expenditure exceeding 10.0 billion yuan, and the input intensity (the ratio to the principal business revenue) exceeding the average of industrial enterprises above designated size (by industry, see Appendix I).
In terms of different regions, in view of the proportion of regional R&D expenditure in the national expenditure, the top six are Jiangsu (12.6 percent), Guangdong (12.2 percent), Beijing (10 percent ), Shandong (9.9 percent), Zhejiang (6.9 percent) and Shanghai (6.6 percent). There were 8 provinces and municipalities whose R&D expenditures intensity reached at or above national average level: Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shandong, and Shaanxi (by region, see Appendix II).
II. S&T funds allocated by finance
In 2013, S&T funds allocated by national finance amounted to 618.49 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 58.48 billion yuan, and rose 10.4 percent, sharing 4.41 percent in national financial expenditure. Among which, S&T funds allocated by central finance reached 272.85 billion yuan, increased 4.4 percnet, and accounted for 44.1 percent of S&T funds allocated by finance; S&T funds allocated by local finance reached 345.64 billion yuan, increased 15.7 percnet, and accounted for 55.9 percent.
Financial Allocation for Science and Technology in 2013
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| S&T funds allocated by finance (10,000 million yuan) | Y/Y | Ratio accounted to national financial expenditure (%) |
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Total | 6184.9 | 10.4 | — |
Of which: Expenditures in S&T promotions | 5084.3 | 14.2 | 82.2 |
Other features of expenditures for science and technology expenditures | 1100.6 | -4.1 | 17.8 |
Of which: Central | 2728.5 | 4.4 | 44.1 |
Local | 3456.4 | 15.7 | 55.9 |
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Note: The statistics of S&T funds allocated by finance in this table covered the S&T projects managed by public expenditure. |
Notes: [1] Preliminary Accounting Results of GDP in 2013
[2] Industrial sector only includes industrial enterprises above designated size, which mean the industrial legal entities whose principal business revenue get 20 million yuan and above.
Appendix I R&D Expenditures above Designated Size Enterprises by Industry in 2013
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Appendix II Expenditures in R&D by Region in 2013
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Region | Expenditures in R&D (10,000 million yuan) | Input intensity of R&D funds (%) |
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National Total | 11846.6 | 2.08 |
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Beijing | 1185.0 | 6.08 |
Tianjin | 428.1 | 2.98 |
Hebei | 281.9 | 1.00 |
Shanxi | 155.0 | 1.23 |
Inner Mongolia | 117.2 | 0.70 |
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Liaoning | 445.9 | 1.65 |
Jilin | 119.7 | 0.92 |
Heilongjiang | 164.8 | 1.15 |
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Shanghai | 776.8 | 3.60 |
Jiangsu | 1487.4 | 2.51 |
Zhejiang | 817.3 | 2.18 |
Anhui | 352.1 | 1.85 |
Fujian | 314.1 | 1.44 |
Jiangxi | 135.5 | 0.94 |
Shandong | 1175.8 | 2.15 |
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Henan | 355.3 | 1.11 |
Hubei | 446.2 | 1.81 |
Hunan | 327.0 | 1.33 |
Guangdong | 1443.5 | 2.32 |
Guangxi | 107.7 | 0.75 |
Hainan | 14.8 | 0.47 |
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Chongqing | 176.5 | 1.39 |
Sichuan | 400.0 | 1.52 |
Guizhou | 47.2 | 0.59 |
Yunnan | 79.8 | 0.68 |
Tibet | 2.3 | 0.29 |
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Shaanxi | 342.7 | 2.14 |
Gansu | 66.9 | 1.07 |
Qinghai | 13.8 | 0.65 |
Ningxia | 20.9 | 0.81 |
Xinjiang | 45.5 | 0.54 |
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Annotations:
1. Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Expenditures on Research and Development (R&D): refers to the actual expenditures spent in basic researches, applied researches and experimental development by the whole society within statistical year. Including personnel fees, material costs, purchasing and construction fees of fixed assets, management fees and other expenses that actually spent in R&D activities.
Basic Research refers to empirical or theoretical research aiming at obtaining new knowledge on the fundamental principles regarding phenomena or observable facts to reveal the intrinsic nature and underlying laws and to acquire new discoveries or new theories. Basic research takes no specific or designated application as the aim of the research.
Applied Research refers to creative research aiming at obtaining new knowledge on a specific objective or target. Purpose of the applied research is to identify the possible uses of results from basic research, or to explore new (fundamental) methods or new approaches.
Experiments and Development refer to systematic activities aiming at using the knowledge from basic and applied researches or from practical experience to develop new products, materials and equipment, to establish new production process, systems and services, or to make substantial improvement on the existing products, process or services.
2. Statistical Coverage
R&D expenditure statistics covered all enterprises and institutions with R&D activities in the whole society, including industrial legal entities, research institutions subordinated to the government departments, universities, and enterprises and institutions in the industries with relatively intensive R&D activities (including agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, construction, transportation, storage and postal industries, information transmission, computer services and software industry, finance, rent and business services, scientific research, technical services and geological prospecting, water conservancy, environment, and public facilities management industry, health, social security and social welfare, culture, sports and entertainment, etc.).
3. Data Collection
Expenditure on R&D: complete survey were applied to the industrial legal entities above designated size, key service enterprises, research institutions subordinated to the government departments, and universities, while for other enterprise and institutions, several methods were used, i.e, the complete survey, key survey and estimation according to the data from the Second National Survey on R&D Resources.